Ambiguity
Ambiguity is a linguistic phenomenon that manifests itself when a word, expression, phrase, or statement presents more than one possible interpretation or meaning. This duality of meanings can compromise the clarity and precision of communication, generating uncertainty or misunderstanding in the message's receiver. Originating from the Latin term ambiguitas , ambiguity can be either an involuntary deviation in the construction of discourse, considered a vice of language, or a stylistic resource employed intentionally.
The characteristics of ambiguity depend on its origin in the structure of the language. The most common form is lexical ambiguity , which occurs when a single word has multiple meanings (polysemy) or when different words have the same spelling or pronunciation (homonymy), and the context is not sufficient to determine which meaning is intended. Another fundamental type is structural or syntactic , in which the way words are organized in a sentence allows for different grammatical analyses and, consequently, distinct interpretations of the whole.
Depending on the speaker's intention, ambiguity can have distinct functions. In everyday life and in technical, scientific, or journalistic texts, where clarity is paramount, unintentional ambiguity is seen as a flaw that hinders comprehension. On the other hand, in literary, advertising, or humorous contexts, it is frequently used as a figure of speech, also known as amphibology, to create puns, suggest underlying ideas, or enrich the text with multiple layers of meaning.
It is important to distinguish ambiguity from vagueness. While ambiguity refers to the existence of two or more distinct and defined meanings, vagueness occurs when the meaning of a term is imprecise or its limits of application are unclear. Identifying and, when necessary, eliminating ambiguity is essential to ensure effectiveness and objectivity in the transmission of information.
Sources:
- INFOPÉDIA. Ambiguity . In: Infopédia Dictionary of the Portuguese Language. Porto: Porto Editora. Available at: https://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/ambiguidade . Accessed on: June 18, 2024.
- MICHAELIS. Ambiguity . In: Michaelis Brazilian Dictionary of the Portuguese Language. São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos. Available at: https://michaelis.uol.com.br/moderno-portugues/busca/portugues-brasileiro/ambiguidade/ . Accessed on: June 18, 2024.




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